Category: Galatians 5

Galatians 5:26 – Selfish Contention

Ministry of Grace Church

Galatians 5:26

Let us not become conceited, provoking one another, envying one another.

Truth to Learn

An inward focus has contentious consequences, whereas an upward focus produces peace and gives glory to God.

Behind the Words

Conceited” is translated from the Greek word kenodoxos, a compound word made up of kenos, meaning “empty or vain” and doxa, meaning “glory or praise.” As you can see, the King James translation of “vain glory” is an accurate translation, but few people understand what that really means. This word is applied to a person without talent or worth who wants to be admired by others. It also applies to a person who thinks they are special because of something out of their control such as being born into a particular family or race.

The word translated “provoking” is from a form of prokaleō. This is another compound word made up of pro, meaning “forward” or “toward” and kaleō, which means “to call.” It appears in this verse in the middle voice indicating action that is done by the subject (us or we) to the subject. Hence, it literally means “to call before oneself,” which by application means “to provoke or irritate.”

Envying” is translated from the Greek word phthoneō, which refers to “personal pain felt, along with a desire to do harm to others, because of the other person’s excellence or good fortune.”

Meaning Explained

Notice that all three of the words we looked at in this verse are characterized by an intense focus on self. Back in verse fourteen, Paul said that the fulfilling of the law is accomplished by loving your neighbor as yourself. That implies a focus on others rather than on self.

It is likely that the Jewish converts in the Galatian churches thought themselves better than the converts of the Gentiles because they were true children of Abraham and they were keepers of the law. Paul has gone to great lengths to show that neither family heritage nor personal accomplishment have any bearing on how we are viewed by God. No matter what our station in life or personal accomplishments, none of us are any better than anyone else,

for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,  (Romans 3:23)

One of the characteristics of people who think themselves better than the rest of us is that they use their privileged position (whether real or imagined) to put down others of lesser distinction, attributing undue glory to themselves. One of our natural (fleshly) reactions is to provoke them right back, thus producing discord. The opposite reaction is to envy their status and want to lash out at them because of it. Neither reaction is produced by the Spirit of God. Both are works of the flesh.

Challenge

In all of our dealings with other people, especially within the church, we need to humble ourselves before God and be immediately ready to serve others, for their good rather than our own. Let me challenge you today to look for opportunities to be humble and to seek the good of others.

In God’s service, for His glory,

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Copyright © 2008 Will Krause. All rights reserved.

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Galatians 5:25 – Walking Evidence

Ministry of Grace Church

Galatians 5:25

If we live in the Spirit, let us also walk in the Spirit.

Truth to Learn

The way we live demonstrates who is ruling our lives.

Behind the Words

The word translated “live” is a form of dzaō, which means “to live” or “to have life.” It is used in the verse in the present tense, active voice, and indicative mood, which implies current continuous action.

in the Spirit” (both occurrences in this verse) is translated from pneumati, a form of pneuma, which we looked at in verse 16. In the current verse it is a reference to the Holy Spirit. The inflection of this noun indicates that it is used as an indirect object. Therefore, it could be translated as “in the Spirit” or “by the Spirit.”

The word translated “walk” is a different word than was used in verse 16. There, it was peripateō, meaning “to walk around.” In this verse it is the word stoicheō, from the noun stoichos meaning “a row, line, or rank.” It is a military term referring to soldiers marching in an orderly row, in lock-step with each other. We could paraphrase this as “walk in an orderly manner.”

Meaning Explained

In the previous verse Paul reminded us that our flesh (our sin nature) was crucified with Christ, hence it should be dead. And if it is dead, then it should not be able to exert any control on the way we live. In Romans, Paul said it this way:

knowing this, that our old man was crucified with Him, that the body of sin might be done away with, that we should no longer be slaves of sin.  (Romans 6:6)

Paul’s use of the term “old man” is referring to our nature before we were saved. Then, a few verses later he says:

Likewise you also, reckon yourselves to be dead indeed to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus our Lord.  (Romans 6:11)

Both in Romans chapter six and the current chapter, Paul is telling us that the way we thought and acted before we were saved was due to our sin nature. When we got saved, however, the “old man” (our manner of life as a slave to sin) was put to death, and we were given a new life. This new life, which has eternal consequences, is a life empowered by God through the working of the Holy Spirit.

Therefore, Paul says, since we now have a new life, we should walk in an orderly manner under the influence of the Spirit, living like the resurrected Son of God. We should be exhibiting the fruit of the Spirit, not the works of the flesh. We should live our lives under the influence and control of the Holy Spirit, and everyone around us should have no doubt that we are different from the rest of the world.

Challenge

We all know people who claim to have accepted Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior and call themselves Christians, but they don’t act like it. Their speech and actions reveal the fact that there is no influence of the Holy Spirit in their lives.

So, let me ask you, if you were arrested today for being a Christian, would there be enough evidence to convict you?

In God’s service, for His glory,

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Galatians 5:24 – Dead Flesh

Ministry of Grace Church

Galatians 5:24

And those who are Christ’s have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires.

Truth to Learn

You are dead in the flesh but alive through the Spirit of God. Victorious Christian living comes from the Spirit, not the flesh.

Behind the Words

The words “have crucified” are translated from the verb stauroō. It is derived from the noun stauros, which refers to a pole or a stake in the ground, usually with a cross piece, used for torture and execution. Hence, this verb refers to the act of executing someone on a cross. It is used here in the aorist tense which implies past, completed action which occurred at a point in time.

Passions” is translated from pathēma, derived from the verb paschō, meaning “to suffer.” The suffix -ma means that it is “that which is felt with great passion.” This is the word from which we get out English word “pathos.” Although it can be used of either good passions or bad, in the current verse it refers to the bad passions of our sin nature.

The word “desires” is translated from epithumia, which we have looked at before. This word also can refer to good or bad, though in this verse it refers to overly strong sinful desires.

Meaning Explained

This verse starts out with the conjunction “And” showing that this verse is tied to the previous thought. Paul previously was talking about the lust of our sin nature battling against the way that the Holy Spirit prompts us to live. And, because that battle is going on in the life of every Christian, we are constantly drawn back and forth between obeying God and obeying our sin nature.

So, in order to give us strength and motivation to help us overcome the works of our sin nature, Paul here reminds us that our sin nature (flesh) has been crucified, put to death. This is not a new concept for Paul or for the Galatians. In the earlier part of this letter, Paul told them:

I have been crucified with Christ; it is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me; and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave Himself for me. (Galatians 2:20)

When we accepted Jesus Christ as our Lord and Savior, we surrendered our will and our life to Him (He is our Lord) in exchange for His payment for our sins. That payment was in the form of His blood, shed on the cross. So, in a sense, we received His righteousness and gave ourselves, all that we are (including our sin nature), to be crucified with Him.

Then why do we keep sinning? Because even though the transaction occurred at Calvary nearly 2000 years ago, it has not been fully realized yet in our flesh. Nonetheless, we now have the Spirit of God living in us and that has been realized. As we daily submit ourselves to His control we reaffirm the death of our sin nature along with all of the evil passions and lusts that come from it.

Application

Do you feel like you are being defeated in the battle between your flesh and the Holy Spirit? As long as you cling to the desires of the flesh it will feel that way. The only way to experience victory is through continual confession of your sins and submission of your will to our Lord and Master.

 

In God’s service, for His glory,

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Galatians 5:23 – His Fruit

Ministry of Grace Church

Galatians 5:23

gentleness, self-control. Against such there is no law.

Truth to Learn

The fruit of the Spirit is gratifying as long as we recognize that the source is God.

Behind the Words

The word translated “gentleness” is one of the more interesting words we have looked at lately. It is translated from the Greek word praotēs, which is derived from the adjective praos, meaning “meekness, mildness, or forbearance.” Here is what The Complete Word Study Dictionary says about this word:

Primarily it does not denote outward expression of feeling, but an inward grace of the soul, calmness toward God in particular. It is the acceptance of God’s dealings with us considering them as good in that they enhance the closeness of our relationship with Him. However, praótēs encompasses expressing wrath toward the sin of man as demonstrated by the Lord Jesus … This meekness does not blame God for the persecutions and evil doings of men. It is not the result of weakness … According to Aristotle, praótēs is that virtue that stands between two extremes, the orgilótēs, uncontrolled and unjustified anger, and aorgisía, not becoming angry at all no matter what takes place around you.

 “Self-control” is translated from engkrateia, which is made up of en, meaning “in” and a form of kratos, meaning “power.” Hence, it refers to keeping power in control or, as it is translated here, self-control.

Meaning Explained

Paul finishes up his list of the fruit of the Spirit with two that we seldom hear about today. In years past it was appropriate to refer to a man who had his desires under control as a “gentleman.” It’s a word seldom heard today because few people (men or women) exhibit this characteristic, and because those who conduct their lives in a gentle manner are often seen as wimps. Being at peace with God and following the leading of His Spirit, however, produces a calm confidence that is the result of a gentle spirit.

Like gentleness, self-control is seen by the world today as a waste of time and effort. With the world throwing off the restraints of godly living and self-control, someone with these qualities is seen as weak and spineless, but that’s not how God sees them. The ability to control ones passions and appetites is a rare commodity today because fewer and fewer people are willing to submit their will to that of our Heavenly Father.

When we are completely submitted, however, and actively seeking and following His leading, there is no law that condemns us because we exhibit the qualities of righteousness. The danger, however, is that we will become proud of ourselves and allow our sin nature to grab the steering wheel from our Father’s hands. That’s when we stumble and fall.

Application

Any Christian who has experienced a close fellowship with God has known the fruit of the Spirit as Paul has described it here. But such a person also knows how tenuous this position is because of the powerful, ungodly effect of our sin nature.

In God’s service, for His glory,

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Galatians 5:22 – Eternal Fruit

Ministry of Grace Church

Galatians 5:22

But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness,

Truth to Learn

Put your efforts into growing fruit that has eternal value instead of producing works that pass quickly away.

Behind the Words

The word translated “love” is agapē, which is a kind of love that is focused on the ultimate good for the object of love.

Joy” is translated from the Greek word chara, meaning “calm delight” or “gladness.”

The word “peace” is translated from eirēnē, which means “peace, harmony, or tranquility.”

The Greek word makrothumia is translated as “longsuffering.” This word is made up of macros, meaning “long” and a form of thumos, meaning “wrath or anger.” It refers to “the ability to endure a long time before getting angry” as opposed to hasty anger.

Kindness” is translated from the Greek word chrēstotēs, which is derived from the verb charomai, meaning “to furnish what is needed.” This word is most often translated as “kindness,“  or “usefulness.”

The word “goodness” is translated from agathosunē, which is derived from agathos, meaning “goodness.” It is the trait of doing good to others out of an unselfish heart. It is sometimes translated as “benevolence.”

Finally, “faithfulness” is translated from pistis, which is derived from the verb peithō, meaning “to win over” or “to persuade.” Hence, pistis refers to the quality of having been persuaded. It is often translated as “belief” or “faith.”

Meaning Explained

In the previous verses Paul talked about the works of the flesh, those desires of our sinful nature which lead us away from fellowship with God. In this verse and the next Paul gives the contrasting list of what he calls “fruit of the Spirit.” Notice that he does not refer to these as fruits as if they are each one a separate result of close fellowship with God. This fruit all grows together as we spend time with Him.

Back in verse 17, Paul told us that the flesh and the Spirit battle against each other within these bodies of ours. The works of our flesh are the outpouring of the lust of our sin nature which has self as the focal point and ultimate objective. They rise up quickly and have immediate and irrevocable effect. The fruit of the Spirit, on the other hand, grows slowly and steadily as we submit our will to God and commit our thoughts and actions to Him.

It takes constant, vigilant effort to nurture the fruit of the Spirit, and its growth is stunted when we allow the works of the flesh to dominate. After we confess our works of the flesh, however, the fruit of the Spirit begins to grow again until it is fully ripe and apparent in our lives.

Application

Growing the fruit of the Spirit is hard work, which is frequently interrupted by the works of the flesh. The pleasures of sin are fleeting according to Hebrews 11:25, but the fruit of the Spirit has eternal effect.

Is your effort going into producing works or growing fruit?

In God’s service, for His glory,

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Copyright © 2008 Will Krause. All rights reserved.

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Galatians 5:21 – Visible Evidence

Ministry of Grace Church

Galatians 5:21

envy, murders, drunkenness, revelries, and the like; of which I tell you beforehand, just as I also told you in time past, that those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God.

Truth to Learn

The evidence of salvation is in our actions, not our words.

Behind the Words

The word “envy” is translated from phthonos, which refers to “pain felt and ill will conceived at the sight of excellence or happiness in someone else.”

Murders” is the translation of the Greek word phonos, which is from the verb phenō, meaning “to murder.” Hence, phonos (used in the plural in this verse) refers to “murders or the slaughter of innocent lives.”

The Greek word methē, means “an intoxicant” but, by implication, refers to the result of the intoxicant. Here it is translated as “drunkenness.” Once again, this word is used in the plural implying repeated drunkenness.

The word translated “revelries” is kōmos, which refers to feasting. Used in the plural as it is here, it means “riotous conduct.”

The drunkenness and revelries spoken of here by Paul are most likely a reference to festivities in honor of certain pagan gods, especially Bacchus, the god of wine. These festivities included feastings and drunkenness accompanied by impurity and obscenity of the grossest kind.

Practice” is translated from prossō, which expresses an action as continual or as not yet completed. Hence, it means “that which one does repeatedly.”

Meaning Explained

Paul has just listed what he calls works of the flesh. These are thoughts put into action which spring from our sin nature. And he tells the Galatians beforehand that those who practice such things will not inherit God’s kingdom. But what does Paul mean by “beforehand?” Before what?  Before the kingdom of God. There is a sense in which we are spiritually part of God’s kingdom now, but Paul is referring to the eternal state, heaven.

In the book of Revelation, we are told about New Jerusalem where we will spend eternity with God. We are also told who will be admitted and who won’t:

Blessed are those who do His commandments, that they may have the right to the tree of life, and may enter through the gates into the city. But outside are dogs and sorcerers and sexually immoral and murderers and idolaters, and whoever loves and practices a lie.  (Revelation 22:14, 15)

We all have a sin nature and the works of our flesh occasionally rear their ugly head. But, anyone who continually exhibits the works of the flesh is clearly not a child of God.

Application

There are some in our churches today who claim to be Christian but live by the works of the flesh. If they were really saved, they would be convicted by the Holy Spirit and would not continually do these things. We need to pray for them!

 

In God’s service, for His glory,

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Galatians 5:20 – Selfish Disunity

Ministry of Grace Church

Galatians 5:20

idolatry, sorcery, hatred, contentions, jealousies, outbursts of wrath, selfish ambitions, dissensions, heresies,

Truth to Learn

Focusing on self produces divisive attitudes and actions.

Behind the Words

The word translated “idolatry” is eidōlolatreia, which is a compound word made up of eidōlon, “an idol” and latreia, meaning “to serve or worship.”

Sorcery” is translated from the Greek word pharmakeia, from which we get our English word pharmacy. It is from the Greek word pharmakon, meaning “a drug.” Since drugs were so commonly used in witchcraft, magic, and sorcery, pharmakeia was used as a reference to these practices as well.

The word “hatred” is translated from echthra, which refers to “a hostile attitude toward another” or “enmity.” It is also used to describe the actions one takes against one’s enemy. This word is in the plural in the Greek.

The Greek word eris, meaning “strife or contention” is translated as “contention.” It is used here to identify not just the strife itself but the love of strife.

Jealousies” is from the Greek word dzēlos. It is derived from the verb dzeō, meaning “to be hot or fervent.” It refers to “acts of zeal” in a good sense or “acts of envy, jealousy, or anger.”

The word “outbursts” is translated from thumos, from the verb thuō meaning “to move impetuously like the wind” or “a violent motion” or “a passion of the mind.” Hence, thumos refers to “violent outburst of anger.”

Selfish ambitions” is translated from the Greek word eritheia, which refers to works that are done for payment. The verb form is often used in the middle voice meaning things that are done to satisfy self. Hence, this word has come to refer to actions that are done with selfish intentions.

The word translated “dissensions” is dichostasia, a compound word made up of dicha, meaning “separately” and a form of stasis, meaning “to take a stand, usually against someone or something else.” Hence, this word means “to take a separate stand, thus causing a division.” This is one of the most devastating works of the flesh for any church body, often causing a split.

Finally, “heresies” is from the Greek word hairesis, which is a transliteration (a word moved directly from one language to another). The word actually means “a choice” but it is applied to those who chose to ignore the truth of God’s word and go their own way. It often leads to dissensions and eventually a church split.

Meaning Explained

This list is a continuation of Paul’s identification of works of the flesh. Whereas the words in the previous verse all have to do with sexual sins of the flesh, these all have to do with works of the flesh which are divisive to the church body. When we allow our fleshly desires to dominate our lives instead of submitting to the Word of God and looking out for the best interests of others, we cause irreparable damage to the body of Christ.

Application

Is your church suffering from any of the symptoms described in this verse? Is it partly your fault?

In God’s service, for His glory,

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Copyright © 2008 Will Krause. All rights reserved.

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Galatians 5:19 – Thoughts in Action

Ministry of Grace Church

Galatians 5:19

Now the works of the flesh are evident, which are: adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lewdness,

Truth to Learn

The evil thoughts of our sin nature become sinful actions, whereas the act of submitting to God becomes precious fruit.

Behind the Words

Works” is translated from ergon, which refers to “work” or “labor.” By implication it refers to “an act or deed.” In science a unit of measure for work done is the “erg” which is derived from this Greek word.

The word “evident” is translated from phaneros, an adjective taken from the verb phainō, meaning “to shine.” So, phaneros refers to that which can be easily seen, hence “evident” or “apparent.”

The Greek word moicheia, meaning sex between a married person and someone who is not their spouse, is appropriately translated here as “adultery.”

Fornication” is the translation of porneia, from which we get our English word pornography. It refers to sexual acts between any two people who are not married. Hence, it includes adultery, homosexuality, pre-marital sex, incest, and what today is referred to as casual sex.

The word “uncleanness” comes from the Greek word akatharsia, a compound word made up of a, meaning “not” and a form of kathairō, meaning “to cleanse” or “to heal.” This word is used to refer to either physical or moral uncleanness.

Finally, “lewdness” is translated from aselgia, made up of a, meaning “not” and an obscure word selgēs, apparently meaning “self-control.” Given that it is included here is a list of obviously sexually oriented terms, it most likely refers to uncontrolled, overtly sexual behavior or activity.

Meaning Explained

In verse seventeen Paul explained that our sin nature (our flesh) is in constant opposition to the Spirit of God within us. He is now giving examples of both the things which come from our flesh and the things which come from the Holy Spirit.

Notice the contrast between this list and the list in verses twenty-two and twenty-three. These are “works” or actions which are the result of selfish desires. They start out as thoughts and end up as actions. These works of the flesh come from the thoughts or inclinations of our heart which are evil.

Then the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every intent of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. (Genesis 6:5)

When these thoughts or inclinations are put into action it demonstrates how self-centered and ungodly we all are.

The list in verses twenty-two and twenty-three, on the other hand, are “the fruit” developed over time from submitting to the leading of God through His Spirit. They start out as an action of submission and end up as an attitude of our heart.

Application

“But,” you say, “I’ve never done any of these things!” Perhaps that’s true, but by the time Paul completes the list there won’t be a single one of us who can say we’ve never thought about or committed any of these acts. That’s why we need a Savior!

 

In God’s service, for His glory,

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Galatians 5:18 – Spirit Led

Ministry of Grace Church

Galatians 5:18

But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law.

Truth to Learn

God leads us in paths of righteousness through faith, not through obedience to the law.

Behind the Words

The word translated “led” is agō, meaning “to lead along.” In the current verse this word is in the present tense, passive voice, and indicative mood. The passive voice means that it is something done to the subject (you). The present tense and indicative mood indicate current continuous action. Hence, Paul is saying, “But if you are currently and continuously being led by the Spirit …” The point being that it is not a once in a while type of activity but one that is habitual and continuous.

Law” is translated from the Greek word nomos, which is from the verb nemō, meaning “to divide among” or “to parcel out.” Therefore, nomos refers to “that which has been handed out” or “that which one has in their possession for their own use.” In this verse it refers to the Law of Moses which was handed out to the Israelites from God.

Background

The false teachers who had crept into the churches in Galatia were teaching that a person who believes Jesus Christ died on the cross to pay for our sins has not done enough to be completely saved. To be completely saved, they taught, a person must also keep the Law of Moses including being circumcised.

Paul has been very deliberate in showing that keeping the law as a way to obtain righteousness not only does not aid in salvation, it is counter to salvation. Apparently some of the Galatian Christians believed this and stood firm against the false teachers. Unfortunately, it appears that this opposition turned into heated attacks by each side against the other. That’s why Paul told them all that to really satisfy the intent of the law they needed to love each other as they love themselves.

 

Meaning Explained

The Christian way to stop fighting within the church is for all involved to walk in the Spirit; that is, let God’s Holy Spirit guide all of our thoughts and actions. Sounds simple enough, doesn’t it? The problem is that we have a sin nature, which, as Paul told us in the previous verse, is constantly battling against the Spirit of God. Even when we want to be completely obedient to God’s Spirit, our sin nature takes over at times.

But, if we are continually listening for God’s direction and considering the good of others above our own, then we don’t have to meticulously obey all the ordinances of the law. By following God’s leading we will be fulfilling the spirit of the law because, as we are told in Psalms 23:3,

He restores my soul; He leads me in the paths of righteousness For His name’s sake.

Application

Being led by the Spirit is not easy. It takes constant communication with God through prayer and attentive listening to God as we read the Bible. It also takes a constant submitting of our will to His. It’s hard, but with His help we can do it!

In God’s service, for His glory,

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Copyright © 2008 Will Krause. All rights reserved.

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Galatians 5:17 – Flesh vs. Spirit

Ministry of Grace Church

Galatians 5:17

For the flesh lusts against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh; and these are contrary to one another, so that you do not do the things that you wish.

Truth to Learn

The Holy Spirit wants to be in control of your life. Let Him!

Behind the Words

In the previous verse we were introduced to the word epithumia, meaning strong desires. Here it is used as a verb of two things in opposition. That is, the flesh strongly desires some things whereas the spirit strongly desires other things.

The word translated “are contrary” is a form of antikeimai, a compound word made up of anti, meaning “against” and keimai, meaning “to lie” or “to be placed.” Hence, this word literally means “to lie against.” It refers to two things which are opposed to each other or which are adversaries.

So that” is translated from the Greek word hina. This word has a number of uses in New Testament Greek, the most common of which are to express purpose (with the intent being) or result (with the result being). Though there is a difference of opinion among Greek scholars, it appears that its use here is one of purpose. In other words, Paul is saying that it is the intent of the desires of the flesh to keep us from doing the desires of the spirit and vice-versa.

Meaning Explained

As a result of the back biting and infighting that seem to have developed within the churches in Galatia, Paul admonished the Christians there to walk in the Spirit. That is, to go through this life in close intimate fellowship with God. His reasoning is, “so that you should not fulfill the strong desires of the flesh.”

Paul now adds some explanation as to why walking in close fellowship with God can produce that result. The strong desires of our flesh are in direct opposition to the desires of the Spirit of God. Our flesh (our sin nature) produces these strong desires which are against what the Holy Spirit wants us to do. And, these desires are primarily directed at satisfying self; that is, putting self on the throne of our life, being in control and getting what we want for ourselves. The strong desire of the Spirit of God, however, is that we should “love our neighbor as ourselves,” as Paul pointed out in verse fourteen; in other words, putting God on the throne of our lives, listening to what He tells us to do, and giving Him control of our lives.

Paul speaks from experience, for he said of himself:

For we know that the law is spiritual, but I am carnal, sold under sin. For what I am doing, I do not understand. For what I desire to do, that I do not practice; but what I hate, that I do.  (Romans 7:14, 15)

The word here translated as “carnal” is a form of sarx. Hence, Paul is saying, “but I am fleshly,” and his flesh often wins.

Application

If you are a born again Christian and you are determined to live as God wants you to live, then your flesh, your sin nature, will be constantly battling against the Spirit of God who lives within you. You want to be obedient and to please God, but you keep doing things which you know grieve Him. We all fight this battle. But when you fall, don’t give up! Confess your sin and get right back on your feet and continue down the path of life with God close by your side, listening for His direction. After all, He knows the way of peace and He is your Lord!

In God’s service, for His glory,

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Copyright © 2008 Will Krause. All rights reserved.

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